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Autism Acronyms & Abbreviations A–Z

Explore our easy-to-navigate glossary of common autism-related abbreviations and acronyms.
This resource is designed to help families and caregivers understand the terms you might encounter in everyday conversations, articles, or therapy resources. Each entry includes a simple explanation and a link for further reference. Whether you’re new to Autism terminology or just need a quick refresher, this page makes it easy to find what you’re looking for.

 

Friendly Disclaimer:
Even though a term or link is included here doesn’t mean it’s endorsed; it is for informational purposes only. Any linked sites are for reference only, and I’m not affiliated with them. I’m also not a medical professional, so this is not medical advice. Always check with a qualified professional if you have questions about medical or other professional matters.

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A  |  B-C  |  D  |  E  |  F-H  |  I  |  J-K  |  L-N  |  O-P  |  Q-S  |  T-W  |  X-Z

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A

  • AAC – Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Any system that helps someone express themselves if they can’t speak clearly. For more details, visit the ASHA page.​

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  • AAPD – American Association of People with Disabilities: A national association who works to increase the political and economic power of people with disabilities. For more details, visit the AAPD page.

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  • ABA – Applied Behavior Analysis: A technique used that generally involves teaching individuals more effective ways of behaving through positive reinforcement and working to change the social consequences of existing behavior. For more details, visit Autism Speaks and the BACB page.

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  • ABC – Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence: A tool used in applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy to help people with autism understand and change their behavior.

    • Antecedent: The stimulus or activity that happens right before a behavior. This could be a verbal command, a physical object, or something in the environment. 

    • Behavior: The action or response that happens after the antecedent. 

    • Consequence: The result that happens after the behavior. This can be a positive reinforcement, a natural consequence, or a negative consequence. 

       For more details, visit the Betterhelp page. ​

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  • ABC – Autism Behavior Checklist: A diagnostic tool with questions about a child’s behavior, that is analyzed and scored by a trained professional.  For more details, visit the Circle Care page. 

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  • ABLLS – Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills: An assessment tool that measures and assesses a child’s ability to perform a number of skills in the areas of language, social interaction, self-help, academic, and motor skills. For more details, visit the May Institute page.

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  • ADD – Attention Deficit Disorder: An outdated term now referred to as ADHD. 

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  • ADHD – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A chronic disorder that is characterized with inattention and impulsivity. For more details, visit the Understood page or the APA page.

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  • ADI-R –  Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised: An assessment tool where parents or caregivers are interviewed to helps diagnose autism spectrum disorder. For more details, visit the ABA Edu page. 

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  • ADL – Activity of Daily Living: Daily tasks that people perform, such as eating, sleeping, dressing, and washing. For more details, visit the Regis College page.

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  • ADOS-2 – Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale: An assessment tool that helps professionals evaluate a person's social communication, interaction, and repetitive behaviors to help diagnose autism spectrum disorder. For more details, visit the CRG page.

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  • AE – Autoimmune encephalitis: A group of conditions that involve inflammation of the brain, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells and this leads to neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. For more details, visit the AE Alliance page.

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  • AIT – Auditory Integration Training: A treatment that uses gradual exposure to certain types of sounds to improve communication in a variety of developmental disorders, particularly Autism. For more details, visit the My Health Toolkit page.

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  • ALE – Alternative Learning Experience/Environment: A flexible or nontraditional educational program or setting designed to meet the unique needs of students. For more details, visit the OSPI page.

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  • APD – Auditory Processing Disorder: A condition that affects how the brain processes and makes sense of sounds. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page.

 

  • APE – Adaptive Physical Education: The art and science of developing and implementing a carefully designed physical education instructional program for an individual with a disability, based on a comprehensive assessment. For more details, visit the NCPEID page.

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  • AS – Asperger’s Syndrome: A neurodevelopmental condition that is now considered part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 

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  • ASD – Autism Spectrum Disorder: A neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page or the NIMH page. 

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  • ASD-DA – Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnosis for Adults: The process, tools, and guidelines used to identify Autism Spectrum Disorder in adults, who may have gone undiagnosed in childhood. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.

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  • ASL – American Sign Language:  A complete, natural language that has the same linguistic properties as spoken languages. For more details, visit the NAD page.

 

  • ASR – Automatic Speech Recognition: A capability that enables a program to process human speech into a written format. Fore more details, visit the Frontiers page.

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  • AT – Assistive Technology: An item, piece of equipment, software program, or product system that is used to increase, maintain, or improve the functional capabilities of persons with disabilities. For more details, visit the ATiA page. â€‹

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  • AuDHDv – Autism and ADHD dual diagnosis: A term coined by the neurodiversity community to describe the co-existence of ADHD and Autism. For more details, visit the Psychology page. 

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  • AYP – Adequate Yearly Progress: The measure by which schools, districts, and states are held accountable for student performance under the No Child Left Behind Act. For more details, visit the Find Law page.

ADHD
ASD

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  • BCaBA – Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst: A professional certified at the BCaBA level provide behavior-analytic services under the supervision of a Board Certified Behavior Analyst® (BCBA®). For more details, visit the BACB page. 

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  • BCBA – Board Certified Behavior Analyst: A therapist with a graduate-level certification through the BACB who assesses, analyzes, and develops interventions for behavior-related challenges. BCBAs often work with individuals who have developmental disabilities or behavioral disorders in various settings, including hospitals, educational institutions, government and nonprofit agencies, and private homes. For more details, visit the ABA Phycological Services page.

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  • BIP – Behavior Intervention Plan: A written plan, based on the results of a functional assessment or a functional analysis.  It is sometimes referred to as a behavior protocol or behavior treatment plan. For more details, visit the How to ABA page or Child Mind Institute page. 

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  • BD – Behavioral Disorder: A general term for conditions where ongoing patterns of behavior significantly affect daily life or relationships. For more details, visit the John Hopkins page. â€‹

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  • BOE – Board of Education: State boards of education serve as an unbiased broker for education decision making, focusing on the big picture, articulating the long-term vision and needs of public education, and making policy based on the best interests of the public and the young people of America. For more details, visit the NASBE page.

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  • BSC – Behavior Specialist Consultant: A professional who supports individuals, often with Autism, in developing communication, daily living, and social skills using behavioral strategies. For more details, visit the Achieve Beyond page.

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  • BSP – Behavior Support Plan: A plan that outlines strategies to address challenging behaviors while building new, positive skills. For more details, visit the CPIR page. 

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  • CAMHS – Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: Services that support children and teens with mental health needs through assessment, treatment, and family guidance. For more details, visit the HSE page. 

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  • CAPD – Central Auditory Processing Disorder: A condition where a person hears normally but has difficulty understanding and interpreting sounds, especially in noisy settings. For more details, visit the ASHA page.

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  • CAPTA - Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: A federal law that provides funding and guidelines to states to prevent and treat child abuse and neglect. For more details, visit the CASA Gal page.

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  • CARS2 – Childhood Autism Rating Scale: A tool used by professionals to understand a child’s behaviors and help determine if they may be on the Autism spectrum. For more details, visit the CHOP page.

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  • CAST – Childhood Autism Spectrum Test: A questionnaire for children aged 4 to 11 that helps identify social and communication differences that may be related to Autism. For more details visit the Psychology Tools page or the NovoPsyc page.

 

  • CBA – Curriculum Based Assessment: A set of procedures that link assessment directly to instruction and evaluate progress using measures taken from the students' own curricula. For more details, visit the Science Direct page.

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  • CBT – Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A common type of talk therapy where someone works with a mental health counselor in a structured way. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

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  • CC – Closed Captioning: A time-synchronized text that reflects an audio track and can be read while watching visual content. For more details visit the REV page.

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  • CCP – Comprehensive Care: Documents maintained by an interdisciplinary team that contain specific, actionable information for clinicians and staff across multiple care settings. They promote communication and continuity of care by suggesting communication strategies, medical plans, and psychosocial resources. For more details visit the Science Direct page.

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  • CD – Cognitive Disorder: Any disorder that significantly impairs the cognitive functions of an individual to the point where normal functioning in society is impossible without treatment. For more details, visit the Science Direct page.

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  • CDD – Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Documents created by a care team to share important medical, communication, and support information across different care settings. For more details, visit the Mount Sinai page.

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  • CDS – Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: A neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a distinct pattern of attention and cognitive processing difficulties. For more details, visit the CHADD page.

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  • CF – Cystic Fibrosis: A chronic, inherited genetic disease that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

 

  • CF-ASD –  Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A term that refers to individuals who have both cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, and Autism Spectrum Disorder, a neurodevelopmental condition affecting social communication and behavior. For more details, visit the Hello ABA page.

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  • CFD – Cerebral Folate Deficiency: A rare neurological condition in which the brain has abnormally low levels of folate, a vital B-vitamin, leading to developmental delays, cognitive impairment, and other neurological symptoms. For more details, visit the TACA page.

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  • CHIP – State Children’s Health Insurance Program: State-federal program providing health coverage to eligible children in families with incomes too high for Medicaid. For more details, visit the HealthCare.gov page. 

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  • CI – Community Integration: The process of supporting individuals with disabilities or health conditions to participate fully in community life, including work, education, social activities, and independent living, to enhance quality of life and social inclusion. For more details, visit the Able Kids page.

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  • CIL – Centers for Independent Living: Nonprofit organizations that provide services and support to people with disabilities to help them live independently, access community resources, and advocate for their rights. For more details, visit the ACL page. 

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  • CLA – Community Living Arrangement: A residential setting where individuals with disabilities or special needs live in a supportive environment while receiving services that promote independence, socialization, and daily living skills. For more details, visit the ACL page.

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  • CMS – Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services: A federal agency that oversees Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP, and sets standards for healthcare coverage and quality. For more details, visit the CMS page.

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  • CP –  Cerebral Palsy: A group of neurological disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain before, during, or shortly after birth. For more details, visit the UCP page.

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  • CPT – Current Procedural Terminology: A set of medical codes used to describe procedures and services for billing and record-keeping. For more details, visit the AMA page.

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  • CSA - Community-Based Skills Assessment: An evaluation process that measures an individual’s functional abilities, independence, and skills in real-world community settings to guide support planning and service delivery. For more details, visit the ECCM page or the Autism Speaks page.

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  • CSW – Clinical Social Worker: A licensed mental health professional who provides assessment, therapy, and support services to individuals, families, and groups to address emotional, behavioral, and social challenges. For more details, visit the Autism Parenting Magazine page.

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D

  • D/HH, DHOH (includes HoH) – Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A term used to describe individuals who have significant hearing loss, encompassing both those who are completely deaf and those with partial hearing loss, often used in educational and clinical settings to guide accommodations and support. For more details, visit the NAD page.

 

  • ​DA – Developmental Age: The level of emotional, cognitive, social, and physical functioning an individual demonstrates, which may differ from their chronological age, and is often used to guide educational, therapeutic, and support strategies. For more details, visit the AAP page.

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  • DAS – Developmental Apraxia of Speech: A motor speech disorder in which a child has difficulty planning and coordinating the movements needed to produce clear speech, despite having the physical ability to do so. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

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  • DAS-II – Differential Abilities Scales, Second Edition: A standardized cognitive assessment for children and adolescents used to evaluate learning abilities, strengths, and areas needing support. For more details, visit the TEA page. 

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  • DBS – Deep Brain Stimulation: A medical procedure in which electrodes are implanted in specific areas of the brain to deliver electrical impulses, used to treat neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and sometimes severe obsessive-compulsive disorder. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

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  • DCD – Development Coordination Disorder: A motor skills disorder that affects a child’s ability to plan, coordinate, and execute physical movements, often impacting activities such as writing, tying shoes, or participating in sports. For more details, visit the McMaster University page.​​

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  • DD – Developmental Disability: A chronic condition that causes physical, learning, language, or behavioral impairments, often requiring ongoing support. For more information, visit the May Institute page.

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  • DD – Developmentally Delayed: A term for a child who is not meeting typical developmental milestones at the expected age. For more details, visit the SSM Health page

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  • DD – Developmental Disorder: A general term for conditions that begin in childhood and affect physical, learning, or behavioral development. For more details, visit the Maine Health page.

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  • DDC – Developmental Disabilities Council: A state or territorial organization that advocates for the rights, inclusion, and quality of life of individuals with developmental disabilities through programs, policy development, and community support. For more details, visit the NACDD page.

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  • DDD – Department of Developmental Disabilities: A state-level agency that provides services, resources, and supports for individuals with developmental disabilities and their families, helping them live independently and participate fully in their communities. For more details, visit the NASDDDS page. 

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  • DHHS – Department of Health and Human Services: A state or federal government agency that oversees public health, healthcare services, and social services programs, including Medicaid, child welfare, and disability services. For more details, visit the HHS page. 

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  • DIBELS – Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills: A set of short, standardized assessments used to measure early literacy and reading skills in children from kindergarten through sixth grade, helping educators identify students who need additional support. For more details, visit the University of Oregon page.

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  • DID – Department of Intellectual Disability: A state or local agency that provides services, resources, and advocacy for individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families, supporting inclusion and community living. For more details, visit the USA.gov page.

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  • DIR – Developmental, Individual-differences, Relationship-based Model: A therapeutic framework used to support children, especially those with Autism and developmental challenges, by focusing on their developmental level, unique differences, and relationships to promote emotional and social growth. For more details, visit the ICDL page.

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  • DREDF – Disability Rights Education Defense Fund. A national law and policy center that advocates for the civil rights of people with disabilities through legal action, education, and public policy initiatives. For more details, visit the DREDF page.

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  • DS – Down Syndrome: A genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, characterized by developmental delays, intellectual disability, and distinctive physical features. For more details, visit the NDSS page.

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  • DS – Developmental Services: Programs and supports provided to individuals with developmental disabilities to enhance independence, education, and community participation. These services are often administered or overseen by state or local agencies such as the Department of Disabilities (see DD) or Department of Developmental Disabilities (see DDD).

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  • DSHS – Department of Social and Health Services: A state government agency that provides a wide range of social services, health programs, and support for vulnerable populations, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities. For more details, see the USA.gov page.

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  • DSM-5 – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: The standard reference used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose and classify neurodevelopmental and mental health conditions, including Autism Spectrum Disorder. For more details, visit the APA page.

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  • DTT – Discrete Trial Training: A structured teaching method used in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) that breaks skills into small, “discrete” steps and teaches them through repeated trials with clear prompts and reinforcement. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.

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  • Dx – Diagnosis, diagnosed: A shorthand used in medical and clinical documentation to indicate that a condition or disorder has been identified by a qualified professional. For more details, see the Autism Speaks page.

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DD
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E

E

  • EBD – Emotional Behavioral Disorder: A condition characterized by persistent emotional or behavioral challenges that significantly interfere with a child’s educational performance and social interactions. For more details, visit the DEBH page.

 

  • ECE – Early Childhood Education: Educational programs and strategies designed to support the learning and development of young children, typically from birth to age eight. For more details, visit the ED page.​

 

  • ECI – Early Childhood Intervention: Services provided to infants and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities and their families, to promote development and learning. For more details, visit the NIH page.

 

  • ECSE – Early Childhood Special Education: Educational programs specifically designed to meet the needs of young children with disabilities, usually ages 3–5. For more details, visit the Collaboration for Early Childhood page.

 

  • ED – Emotional Disturbance: A classification under special education for children who exhibit emotional or behavioral difficulties that adversely affect educational performance. For more details, visit the DEBH page.

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  • ED – Executive Dysfunction: Impairments in executive functions such as planning, organizing, memory, and self-regulation, which can affect daily life and learning. For more details, visit the ADDitude page.  

 

  • EDS – Ehler’s-Danlos Syndrome: A group of inherited disorders affecting connective tissues, often causing joint hypermobility, skin elasticity, and tissue fragility. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

 

  • EFA – Essential Fatty Acids: Nutrients that are vital for brain development and overall health, often discussed in relation to neurodevelopmental conditions. For more details, visit the Nutrition Source page. 

 

  • EFD – Executive Functioning Disorder: A condition involving difficulties with tasks such as planning, time management, and problem-solving, often co-occurring with ADHD or Autism. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

 

  • EI – Early Intervention: Services aimed at infants and toddlers with developmental delays to support early development, often provided through state programs. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.

 

  • EIS – Early Intervention Specialists: Professionals trained to provide early intervention services and support to children with developmental delays and their families. For more details, visit the NASW page.

 

  • EHDI – Early Hearing Detection and Intervention: Programs that screen newborns for hearing loss and provide timely intervention to support language, speech, and overall development. For more details, visit the ASHA page.

 

  • EIBI – Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention: An intensive therapy program for young children with Autism, typically based on principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). For more details, visit the C.A.B.S page.

 

  • EIP – Early Intervention Programs: State or community programs providing services to infants and toddlers with developmental delays to improve developmental outcomes. For more details, visit the Cortica page.

 

  • ELL – English Language Learner: A student whose primary language is not English and who is learning English while acquiring grade-level academic content. For more details, visit the Colorin Colorado page.

 

  • EMF – Electromagnetic Field: Physical fields produced by electrically charged objects; sometimes discussed in relation to sensory sensitivities in neurodivergent individuals. For more details, visit the NLM page.

 

  • EP – Educational Psychologist: A professional who applies psychology principles to education, assessing learning and behavioral needs and providing support for students. For more details, visit the APA page.

 

  • EP – Emotional Processing: The ability to recognize, interpret, and manage one’s own and others’ emotions; can be an area of focus for neurodivergent support. For more details, visit the Simply Psychology page.

 

  • EPSDT – Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment: A Medicaid program providing comprehensive health services for children under 21, including screenings, diagnostic services, and treatment. For more details, visit the Medicaid page. 

 

  • ESA – Emotional Support Animal: An animal that provides therapeutic benefits to its owner through companionship and emotional support. For more details, visit the US Service Animals page.

 

  • ESL – English as a Second Language: Programs that teach English language skills to students whose primary language is not English. For more details, visit the DOS page.

 

  • ESSA – Every Student Succeeds Act: U.S. federal law that replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2015. It shifted the primary accountability system from the federal government to the states, giving them more flexibility to measure student success, while maintaining federal requirements for annual standardized testing and a focus on equity for all students. For more details, visit the ED page. 

 

  • ESY – Extended School Year: Special education services provided beyond the traditional school year to prevent regression in students with disabilities. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

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F-H

  • FA – Functional Analysis: A process in behavioral therapy to identify the cause and purpose of a behavior, often used in ABA programs. For more details, visit the Think Psych page. 

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  • FAPE – Free Appropriate Public Education: The legal right under IDEA for children with disabilities to receive education at no cost that meets their individual needs. For more details, visit the ED page.

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  • FBA – Functional Behavior Assessment: A process to understand why challenging behaviors occur and guide intervention planning. For more details, visit the Understood page.

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  • FC – Facilitated Communication: A controversial technique where a facilitator assists a non-verbal person in typing or pointing to communicate. For more details, visit the Raising Children page.

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  • FCT – Functional Communication Training: A behavioral therapy technique teaching alternative communication methods to replace challenging behaviors. For more details, visit the ABA page.

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  • FDSS – Family Driven Support Services: Services that empower families to direct care and support planning for children with developmental or behavioral needs. For more details, visit the NIH page.

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  • FERPA – Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act: A federal law that protects the privacy of student education records. For more details, visit the ED page.

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  • fMRI – Functional MRI: A brain imaging technique that measures and maps brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page.

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  • FMT – Fecal Microbiota Transplant (also called Microbiota Transfer Therapy, MTT): A procedure in which stool from a healthy donor is transferred to a patient to restore gut microbiome balance. For more details, visit the John Hopkins Medicine page. 

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  • FSS – Family Support Services: Programs providing assistance, respite, and resources to families caring for individuals with disabilities. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.

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  • FXS – Fragile X Syndrome: A genetic condition causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and sometimes features of Autism. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page.

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  • GAD – Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A mental health condition characterized by persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

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  • GAF – Global Assessment of Functioning Scale: A numeric scale (0–100) formerly used to rate an individual’s psychological, social, and occupational functioning. For more details, visit the Mental Health.com page.

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  • GARS – Gilliam Autism Rating Scale: A standardized tool used to help identify and assess Autism Spectrum Disorder in individuals ages 3–22. For more details, visit the Autism Parenting Magazine page.

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  • GE – General Education: The standard academic program provided to students without specialized services or supports. For more details, visit the OLLU page.

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  • GF – Gluten Free: A diet or product free of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, often used for celiac disease or sensitivity. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

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  • GFCF – Gluten-Free, Casein-Free Diet: A dietary approach eliminating gluten and dairy proteins, sometimes used for children with Autism. For more details, visit the Autism Dietitian page.

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  • GFCFSF – Gluten-free, Casein-Free, Soy-Free Diet: An extension of GFCF diets that also removes soy products, used by some families managing Autism symptoms. For more details, visit the TACA page.  

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  • GI – Gastrointestinal: Relating to the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and related organs. For more details, visit the NCI page.

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  • GT – Gifted and Talented: Programs or designations for students identified as having exceptional intellectual or creative abilities. For more details, visit the US News page and the NACG page.

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  • HCBS – Home and Community Based Services: Medicaid-funded programs that allow individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses to receive care and supports in their homes or community settings rather than in institutions. For more details, visit the Medicaid.gov page.

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  • HCBW – Home and Community Based Waiver: A Medicaid waiver program that provides flexibility to fund in-home or community-based supports for eligible individuals instead of institutional care. For more details, visit the Medicaid.gov page.

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  • HHS – Health and Human Services: A U.S. federal department responsible for protecting public health and providing essential human services. For more details, visit the HHS page. 

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  • HI – Hearing Impaired: A term describing individuals with partial or complete hearing loss; “deaf” or “hard of hearing” is now preferred. For more details, visit the WHO page. 

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  • HIPAA – Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996: A U.S. law protecting the privacy and security of medical information and health records. For more details, visit the HHS page. 

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  • HOH D/HH (also written as DHOH Includes HoH) – Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A term used to describe individuals who have significant hearing loss, encompassing both those who are completely deaf and those with partial hearing loss, often used in educational and clinical settings to guide accommodations and support. For more details, visit the NAD website.

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  • HRT – Habit Reversal Training: A behavioral therapy technique used to treat tics, compulsions, and repetitive behaviors by increasing awareness and teaching competing responses. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

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  • HSP – Highly Sensitive Person: A term for individuals with heightened sensitivity to sensory input and emotional stimuli, often linked to sensory processing differences. For more details, visit the Neurodivergent Insights page.

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  • HT – Hippotherapy: A therapeutic approach that uses horseback riding to improve motor skills, balance, and coordination. For more details, visit the ARI page.

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  • HL/HxL – Hyperlexia: A condition in which a child demonstrates advanced reading ability at a young age, often paired with challenges in language comprehension and social skills. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page.  

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  • HQT – Highly Qualified Teacher: A designation under U.S. education law for teachers who meet specific certification, degree, and subject-matter competency requirements. For more details, visit the PSEA page.

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I

  • IA – Instructional Assistant: A school staff member who supports teachers in delivering instruction and helping students with learning or behavioral needs. For more details, visit the Autism Helper page.

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  • IAES – Interim Alternative Educational Setting: A temporary educational placement for students with disabilities who are removed from their regular setting due to behavioral or disciplinary issues. For more details, visit the DRC page.

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  • IACC – Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee: A federal advisory group that coordinates autism research, services, and policy recommendations in the U.S. For more details, visit the IACC page. 

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  • IBD – Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A group of chronic digestive disorders, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, that cause inflammation of the digestive tract. For more details, visit the HMS page. 

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  • IBS – Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A digestive condition causing abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits without visible inflammation. For more details, visit the Healthline page. 

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  • ICF – Intermediate Care Facility (Medicaid Benefit): A residential facility providing health, personal care, and rehabilitation services for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities. For more details, visit the Medicaid.gov page. 

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  • ICT – Information and Communication Technology: Technology tools and resources used to communicate, create, and manage information, including assistive technology. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

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  • ID – Intellectual Disability: A condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, originating before age 18. For more details, visit the Autism Parenting Magazine page.  

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  • IDD or I/DD – Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities: An umbrella term for conditions involving lifelong cognitive or developmental challenges requiring individualized supports. For more details, visit the Child Mind Institute page. 

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  • IDEA – Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: A U.S. law ensuring special education services and rights for students with disabilities. For more details, visit the ED page. 

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  • IEE – Independent Educational Evaluation: An evaluation conducted by a qualified professional not employed by the school district, often requested by parents for special education planning. For more details, visit the CPIR page.

 

  • IEP – Individualized Education Program: A legally binding plan outlining special education services and supports for eligible students. For more details, visit the Understood page. 

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  • IFL – Identity-First Language: A communication approach that emphasizes a person’s identity before their diagnosis (e.g., “autistic person” vs. “person with autism”). For more details, visit the ASAN page. 

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  • IFSP – Individualized Family Service Plan: A plan for infants and toddlers with developmental delays or disabilities, focusing on family-centered services and supports. For more details, please visit the CPIR page.

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  • IHE – Institute of Higher Education: Colleges, universities, or other postsecondary schools offering education beyond high school. For more details, please visit the LII page.

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  • IHP – Individualized Habilitation Program: A plan designed to teach daily living skills, independence, and adaptive functioning for individuals with disabilities. For more details, please visit the Law Insider page.

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  • IQ – Intelligence Quotient: A standardized score used to measure intellectual functioning and reasoning ability compared to others. For more details, visit the EBSCO page.

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  • ITCA – Infant and Toddler Coordinators Association: A national organization supporting leadership and quality improvement in early intervention programs for infants and toddlers. For more details, visit the IDEA page.

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  • ITP – Individual Transition Plan: A component of the IEP designed to help students with disabilities prepare for life after high school, including employment and education goals. For more details, visit the ASAT page.

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L-N

  • LCSW – Licensed Clinical Social Worker: A professional who provides counseling, therapy, and social services. For more details, visit the Eyas Landing.

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  • LD – Learning Disability: A neurological disorder that affects a person’s ability to read, write, or do math. For more details, visit the LDA page.

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  • LEA – Local Education Agency: A public school district responsible for providing education services. for more details, visit the Autism Society page.  

 

  • LEP – Limited English Proficiency: Describes individuals who have limited ability in reading, writing, or speaking English. For more details, visit the NIH page.

 

  • LPCC – Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor: A licensed mental health counselor who provides therapy and mental health services. For more details, visit the CALPCC page.

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  • LRE – Least Restrictive Environment: The setting that allows students with disabilities to learn alongside peers without disabilities as much as possible. For more details, visit the Understood page. 

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  • M-CHAT-R – Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised: A 20-item screening tool for identifying early signs of Autism in children aged 16–30 months, often followed by a structured follow-up interview (M-CHAT-R/F) to clarify responses and reduce false positives. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.  

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  • MD – Muscular Dystrophy: A group of genetic disorders causing progressive muscle weakness. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

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  • MD – Multiple Disabilities: Refers to individuals who have two or more significant disabilities. For more details, visit the CPIR page. 

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  • MDR – Manifestation Determination Review: A process to determine if a student’s behavior is related to their disability before disciplinary action. For more details, visit the CPIR page. 

 

  • MHP – Mental Health Professional: A licensed professional who provides assessment, therapy, or counseling for mental health concerns. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

 

  • MHPSS – Mental Health and Psychosocial Support: Services that promote mental health and psychosocial well-being, especially after trauma. For more details, visit the MHPSS page. 

 

  • MNRI – Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Integration: A therapeutic approach to integrate reflex patterns for improved neurological function. For more details, visit the Autism Parent Magazine page.  

 

  • MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A medical imaging technique that produces detailed images of organs and tissues. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

 

  • MSDD – Multisystem Developmental Disorder: A developmental disorder affecting multiple areas of functioning, including social and motor skills. For more details, visit the Neurodiversity.net page.

 

  • MSE – Mental Status Examination: A clinical assessment of a person’s cognitive, emotional, and psychological functioning. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

 

  • MSI – Multisensory Integration: The brain’s ability to combine information from multiple senses for processing and response. For more details, visit the NIH page.

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  • MTSS – Multi-Tiered System of Supports: A framework to provide varying levels of academic and behavioral support to students. For more details, visit the AIR page.

 

  • MTT – Microbiota Transfer Therapy: A treatment involving the transfer of gut microbiota, also called FMT (Fecal Microbiota Transplant). For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

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  • NAMI – National Alliance on Mental Illness: Advocacy and education organization supporting individuals and families affected by mental illness. For more details, visit the NAMI page. 

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  • NASDSE – National Association of State Directors of Special Education: National group of state-level directors who oversee special education programs. For more details, visit the NASDSE page.

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  • NCD – National Council on Disability: Independent federal agency that advises the President and Congress on disability policy. For more details visit the NCD page. 

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  • NCLB – No Child Left Behind Act: Former U.S. education law focused on accountability and standardized testing, replaced by ESSA in 2015. For more details, visit the Understood page.  

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  • ND – Neurodiverse/Neurodivergent: Terms describing individuals whose brains function differently from the neurotypical majority. For more details visit the Cleveland Clinic page.  

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  • NICHD – National Institute of Child Health and Human Development: Part of HIN that is heavily involved in Autism research. For more details, visit the UNH page.

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  • NIH – National Institutes of Health: U.S. medical research agency supporting studies on health and disease. For more details, visit the NIH page. 

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  • NIMH – National Institute of Mental Health: Division of NIH that focuses specifically on mental health research. For more details, visit the NIH page. 

 

  • NLD/NVLD – Nonverbal Learning Disability: A condition involving strengths in verbal skills but challenges with visual-spatial, social, and motor skills. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

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  • NPRM – Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Important for caregivers/advocates following federal policy changes on disability/education. For more details, visit the ADA page. 

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  • NT – Neurotypical: Refers to individuals whose brain functioning and development are considered typical. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

O - P

O-P

  • OCD – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Anxiety disorder marked by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors or rituals. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

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  • OCR – Office for Civil Rights: Division of the U.S. Department of Education that enforces civil rights laws in schools. For more details, visit the OCR page.

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  • ODD – Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Behavioral disorder characterized by frequent anger, irritability, and defiant behavior toward authority figures. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

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  • OHI – Other Health Impairment: IDEA disability category for students whose health condition limits strength, energy, or alertness. For more details, visit the CPIR page. 

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  • OI – Orthopedic Impairment: IDEA disability category for students with severe physical impairments affecting mobility or motor skills. For more details, visit the OPA Ortho page.  

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  • OSEP – Office of Special Education Programs: Federal office overseeing implementation of IDEA at the national level. For more details, visit the OSEP page. 

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  • OSERS – Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services: Branch of the U.S. Department of Education that includes OSEP and RSA (Rehabilitation Services Administration). For more details, visit the OSERS page.

 

  • OSP – Office of Social Programs: Varies by state/region; typically provides social service supports to children and families. For more details, visit the USA.gov page.

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  • P&A – Protection and Advocacy: Federally funded systems in each state that protect the rights of people with disabilities. For more details, visit the ACL page.

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  • PALS – Peer-Assisted Learning System: Structured peer-tutoring program to support academic skills and social interaction. For more details, visit the ED page.

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  • PANDAS – Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Strep: Condition where strep infections trigger sudden onset of OCD and/or tics in children. For more details, visit the Neuroimmune Foundation page.

 

  • PANS – Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Broader diagnosis than PANDAS, involving sudden OCD-like symptoms from various infections or immune issues. For more details, visit the AAP page.

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  • PASS – Plan for Achieving Self-Support: Social Security program that allows people with disabilities to set aside income/resources for work goals without losing benefits. For more details, visit the PASS page.

 

  • PBIS – Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Evidence-based framework used in schools to promote positive behavior and reduce challenging behavior. For more details, visit the NEA page.  

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  • PBS – Positive Behavior Supports: Approach to understanding and addressing challenging behaviors by focusing on strengths and environmental supports. For more details, visit the APBS page.

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  • PCP – Person-Centered Planning: Planning process that focuses on the individual’s goals, strengths, and preferences. For more details, visit the ACL page.

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  • PD – Physical Disability: A long-term condition that limits mobility, coordination, or physical functioning. For more details, visit the United Spinal page.

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  • PDA – Pathological Demand Avoidance: Profile often associated with Autism, characterized by extreme avoidance of everyday demands and expectations. For more details, visit the Child Mind Institute page.

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  • PDD – Pervasive Developmental Disorder: Umbrella term formerly used to describe Autism Spectrum Disorders (now replaced by ASD in DSM-5). For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page.  

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  • PDD-NOS – Pervasive Developmental Disorder–Not Otherwise Specified: Old diagnosis for individuals with autism traits who didn’t meet criteria for classic autism; now folded into ASD in DSM-5. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

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  • PECS – Picture Exchange Communication System: Augmentative communication system using pictures to build communication skills. For more details, visit the PECS page.

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  • PFL – People First Language: Language approach that emphasizes the person before the disability (e.g., “person with Autism”). For more details, visit the DC.gov page.

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  • PLAAFP – Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance: Statement in an IEP describing a student’s current skills and needs. For more details, visit the CPIR page.

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  • PLEP – Present Level of Educational Performance: Another term used for the current performance section of an IEP. For more details, visit the Frontline Education page.

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  • PLOP or PLP – Present Levels of Performance: Informal/common acronym used in IEPs for describing student’s abilities and needs. For more details, visit the Undivided page.

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  • POA – Power of Attorney: Legal document giving one person authority to make decisions for another. For more details, visit the SNA page.  

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  • PROMPT – Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets: Speech therapy technique using tactile-kinesthetic cues to shape oral movements for speech. For more details, visit the Prompt Institute page.

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  • PRT – Pivotal Response Training: Naturalistic ABA intervention targeting motivation and self-management to improve social communication. For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

 

  • PT – Physical Therapy: Therapy to improve strength, balance, coordination, and movement. For more details, visit the APTA page.

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  • PTI – Parent Training and Information Center: Federally funded centers that provide training and support for families of children with disabilities. For more details, visit the CPIR page.

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  • PWN – Prior Written Notice: Document schools must give parents explaining proposed or refused special education actions. For more details, visit the Understood page.  

Q - S

Q-S

  • qEEG – Quantitative Electroencephalogram: A brain mapping technique that analyzes EEG data to show patterns of brain activity. For more details visit the qEEG Support page, and the BNC page.

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  • RBT – Registered Behavior Technician: A paraprofessional credential who implements behavior-analytic services under BCBA/BCaBA supervision. For more details, visit the BACB page.

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  • RDI – Relationship Development Intervention: A developmental, family-based approach aiming to improve social and emotional functioning (used by some families/professionals). For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.  

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  • RPM – Rapid Prompting Method: A method that attempts to help non-verbal people communicate via prompted typing/pointing; widely considered controversial and at high risk of facilitator influence (use caution and check current evidence). For more details, visit the ASHA page. 

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  • RS – Related Services: Support services (speech, OT, PT, counseling, etc.) provided to help a student benefit from special education. For more details, visit the CPIR page.​

 

  • RSA – Rehabilitation Services Administration: Federal agency that administers vocational rehabilitation and other programs helping people with disabilities gain employment. For more details, visit the ED page. 

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  • RTI – Response to Intervention: A tiered school framework that provides increasing levels of academic support and progress monitoring. For more details, visit the Understood page.  

 

  • RTF – Residential Treatment Facility: A live-in facility providing intensive behavioral/therapeutic services for youth with serious emotional or behavioral needs. For more details, visit the Neuro Restorative page.

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  • S2C – Spelling to Communicate: A method using letter-board/spelling to allow communication by non-speaking people; like RPM, it’s controversial and there’s concern about facilitator influence. For more details, visit the I-ASC page.

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  • SB – Spina Bifida: A congenital condition where the spinal column does not close completely, potentially causing mobility and neurological issues. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page. 

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  • SCD – Specific Carbohydrate Diet: A restrictive diet some families use for gastrointestinal or behavioral concerns. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

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  • SCD – Social Communication Disorder: A communication disorder marked by difficulties with the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication (distinct from ASD). For more details, visit the ASHA page. 

 

  • SDD – Sensory Discrimination Disorder: Difficulty distinguishing between sensory inputs; terminology varies and isn’t universally standardized. For more details, visit the Sensory Solutions page.

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  • SDD – Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: A psychiatric diagnostic of a group of mental health conditions characterized by a range of symptoms that affect a person's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. For more details, visit the NOBA page.

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  • SDI – Specially Designed Instruction: Instructional adaptations and supports individualized to meet the needs of students with disabilities (often used in IEP/504 planning). For more details, visit the Council for Exceptional Children page.

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  • SDM – Supported Decision Making: An alternative to guardianship where individuals receive support to make their own decisions. For more details, visit the CPR page.

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  • SEA – State Education Agency: The state-level department that oversees public education and enforces federal/state education law. For more details, visit the Xenia page.

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  • SEAC – Special Education Advisory Committee: A body that advises school districts or state agencies on special education matters. For more details, visit the SEPAC Guide page.

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  • SED – Serious Emotional Disability or Serious Emotional Disturbance: A classification for students with severe emotional or behavioral conditions that impact educational performance. For more details, visit the Collaborative For Children & Families page.

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  • SI – Sensory Integration: The neurological process of organizing sensations for meaningful use; also shorthand for therapeutic approaches targeting sensory processing. For further details, visit the ARI page.

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  • SIB – Self-Injurious Behavior: Actions in which an individual intentionally harms themselves (e.g., head banging, biting). For more details, visit the National Autistic Society page.

 

  • SID – Sensory Integration Dysfunction: Older/alternate term for sensory processing difficulties; wording and acceptance vary. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

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  • SIT – Sensory Integration Therapy. Therapy aimed at improving sensory processing; evidence is mixed, so note the variability in clinical support. For more details, visit the My Health Toolkit page.

 

  • SLD – Specific Learning Disability: IDEA category for disorders in one or more basic psychological processes (e.g., dyslexia). For more details, visit the NCLD page. 

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  • SLI – Speech/Language Impairment: A communication disorder affecting speech and/or language development. For more details, visit the CPIR page. 

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  • SLP – Speech-Language Pathologist: A clinician who assesses and treats speech, language, and communication disorders. For more details, visit the ASHA page. 

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  • SM – Selective Mutism: An anxiety-related condition where a person consistently fails to speak in certain social situations despite speaking in others. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

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  • SMI – Serious Mental Illness: Severe psychiatric conditions that substantially interfere with major life activities. For more details, visit the SAMHSA page. 

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  • SMI – Severe Multiple Impairment: Special education category for individuals with multiple severe disabilities (different from psychiatric “SMI”). For more details, visit the Michigan Alliance for Families.

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  • SPCD – Social Pragmatic Communication Disorder: A diagnosis describing impairments in the social use of language (similar to SCD; terminology can overlap). For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page. 

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  • SPD – Sensory Processing Disorder: A term describing difficulties in responding appropriately to sensory input; clinical acceptance varies, often described as sensory processing differences. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

 

  • SPED – Special Education: Specialized instructional programs and supports for students with disabilities. For more details, visit the Understood page. 

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  • SPOA – Specific Power of Attorney: A legal document granting authority for particular decisions (financial, medical, etc.). For more details, visit the Linley Welwood page.

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  • SPM-2 – Sensory Processing Measure: A standardized assessment for evaluating sensory processing patterns in school and home settings. For more details, visit the TheraPlatform page. 

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  • SSDI (SSD) – Social Security Disability Insurance (Social Security Disability): Federal program providing benefits to people who have worked and paid Social Security taxes but are now disabled. For more details, visit the Social Security Disability page.

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  • SSI – Supplemental Security Income: Federal cash assistance for low-income individuals who are elderly, blind, or disabled. For more details, visit the SSI page.

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  • STIM / “Stimming” – Self-Stimulating Behaviors: Repetitive body movements or sounds (hand-flapping, rocking) often used to self-regulate sensory or emotional states. For more details, visit the Cleveland Clinic page. 

T - W

T-W

  • TA – Task Analysis: Breaking a skill or activity into smaller, manageable steps to teach systematically. For more details, visit the Chicago ABA Therapy page.

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  • TA&D – Technical Assistance and Dissemination Network: OSEP-funded centers that provide training and resources to improve special education. For more details, visit the CPIR page.  

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  • TBI – Traumatic Brain Injury: An acquired brain injury caused by external force, affecting learning, behavior, or physical function. For more details, visit the Mayo Clinic page.

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  • TDD – Telecommunication Device for the Deaf: A device that allows individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing to communicate via typed messages over the phone line. For more details, visit the Pacific ADA Center.

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  • TOPL-2 – Test of Pragmatic Language: A standardized test that measures social language and communication skills. For more details, visit the Therapro page.

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  • TS – Tourette Syndrome: A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. For more details, visit the Tourette Association of America page.

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  • TSS – Therapeutic Staff Support: One-on-one support services for children with emotional or behavioral needs, usually in school or community settings. For more details, visit the Betterteam page.  

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  • TWWIIA – Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act: Federal law providing employment services and supports for people with disabilities receiving Social Security benefits. For more details, visit the OUI page.  

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  • UDL – Universal Design for Learning: An educational framework that provides flexible teaching methods to accommodate diverse learners. For more details, visit the UDL page.

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  • VI – Visual Impairment: A vision loss that, even with correction, affects a person's daily activities. For more details, visit the CPIR page.

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  • VB – Verbal Behavior: An applied behavior analysis (ABA) approach that focuses on teaching communication using language functions (mands, tacts, etc.). For more details, visit the Autism Speaks page.  

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  • VPD – Vision Processing Disorder: A neurological condition in which the brain has difficulty interpreting visual information, affecting reading, spatial awareness, and visual-motor skills despite normal eyesight. For more details, visit the Mind Well Psychology page.​

 

  • Voc-Ed – Vocational Education: Instruction that prepares individuals for specific trades, careers, or employment skills. For more details, visit the NCES page.

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  • VQ/VIQ – Verbal IQ: A score from intelligence testing that measures verbal reasoning and language-based skills. For more details, visit the Goally page. 

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  • VR – Vocational Rehabilitation: State-run programs helping people with disabilities prepare for, obtain, and maintain employment. For more details, visit the Career One Stop Page.  

 

  • WAIS – Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: A widely used standardized test that measures cognitive ability in adults. For more details, visit the Very Well Mind page. 

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  • WIOA – Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act: Federal law supporting job training, employment, and vocational services, including for people with disabilities. For more details, visit the DOL page.

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  • WISC – Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children: A standardized cognitive test for children ages 6–16. For more details, visit the Testing Mom page. 

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  • WPPSI – Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence: An intelligence test for children under age 7. For more details, visit the Testing Mom page.

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  • WWC – What Works Clearinghouse: A federally funded resource that reviews and reports on evidence-based educational practices. For more details visit the ED page.  

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